A Tradition Reimagined by Pope Francis
The passing of a pope marks the beginning of a deeply symbolic and carefully structured process.
Pope Francis, who died Monday, left his mark even on this final chapter. Known for his humility and pastoral heart, Francis revised the traditional funeral rites in 2023, simplifying the ceremonies to reflect the role of a shepherd, not a monarch. These changes were codified in the “Ordo Exsequiarum Romani Pontificis,” the Vatican’s official guidebook for papal funerals.

From Final Breath to Sacred Confirmation
Unlike previous popes, whose deaths were confirmed in the grandeur of the Apostolic Palace, Pope Francis requested a more modest approach. His final moments took place in the Santa Marta residence, where he chose to live during his papacy. The official declaration of death was made not in a bedroom but in his personal chapel, a change made both for practicality and to underscore his desire for simplicity.
The Vatican’s top health official confirmed the cause of death and prepared the medical report. The pope’s body, dressed in a white cassock, was placed in the chapel. There, the camerlengo—Cardinal Kevin Farrell—led the solemn ritual confirming the pope’s passing.
Honoring the Body and Preparing for Farewell
In keeping with the revised traditions, the body is no longer placed in the historic trio of cypress, lead, and oak coffins. Instead, Francis’ remains will rest in a single wooden casket with a zinc lining. He will wear red liturgical vestments, his bishop’s miter, and the pallium, a woolen stole signifying his pastoral authority. Nearby, the Paschal candle—symbolizing resurrection—will remain lit.
The camerlengo then prepares a written declaration of death, attaching the physician’s certificate. The master of liturgical celebrations, Archbishop Diego Ravelli, determines when the faithful may begin paying their respects.
Liturgy at St. Peter’s Basilica
When the pope’s body is brought into St. Peter’s Basilica, the Litany of Saints is sung. No longer placed on an elevated bier, the coffin will rest at pew level, facing the congregation. This adjustment, introduced by Francis, brings the ritual closer to the people, echoing his broader message of humility and accessibility.
The evening before the funeral, a white cloth will be gently placed over the pope’s face. A bag of coins minted during his papacy and a document recounting key moments of his tenure—the “rogito”—are sealed inside the coffin. This scroll, read aloud before burial, is also preserved in the Vatican archives.
A Funeral for a Pastor, Not a Prince
The funeral Mass is traditionally led by the dean of the College of Cardinals, currently 91-year-old Cardinal Giovanni Battista Re. If necessary, the vice dean or another senior cardinal may preside. Pope Francis recently extended both their terms to ensure continuity.
The ceremony itself reflects his deep commitment to portraying the pope as a servant of Christ, not a political figure. The coffin, bearing the papal coat of arms and a simple cross, is sealed and prepared for final burial.
Final Resting Place at St. Mary Major
Unlike many of his predecessors interred beneath St. Peter’s Basilica, Pope Francis chose a different resting place: the Basilica of St. Mary Major. His devotion to the Marian icon housed there, the Salus Populi Romani, was a defining feature of his pontificate. After every international journey, Francis would stop there to pray before the image of Mary holding the child Jesus.
“It’s my great devotion,” Francis told Mexico’s N+ network when he revealed his burial wishes. “The place is already prepared.”
The Novemdiales and the Conclave Ahead
With his burial, the Catholic Church enters a period of nine official days of mourning, known as the novemdiales. During this time, masses and prayers will honor the late pope while cardinals from around the world prepare to gather. Following tradition, a conclave will be held in the Sistine Chapel to elect his successor, who will emerge as the 267th leader of the Roman Catholic Church.
Keep up with updates from what follows with the Pope’s passing with us on Que Onda Magazine.