Three major solar eruptions from the sunspot AR4274 are heading toward Earth, with the largest triggering the strongest solar flare of 2025 so far. The X5.1-class flare, which erupted Tuesday, follows two earlier X-class flares on Nov. 9 and 10.
The resulting coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are expected to reach Earth Wednesday, potentially causing a severe G4-level geomagnetic storm, according to NOAA. Such storms can disrupt power grids, low-frequency radio communications, and GPS systems, though no special precautions are needed for the public.
The storm could also produce spectacular auroras visible far south of their usual range, potentially reaching northern California and Alabama. Observers are advised to find dark locations and allow their eyes to adjust for the best viewing.
Astronomers note that these intense flares are linked to the solar cycle’s peak activity, known as solar maximum, which has been ongoing over the past year.
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