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Qué es el “riesgo moral” y por qué se usa para cuestionar rescates bancarios como los de Credit Suisse y Silicon Valley Bank

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Las extraordinarias medidas tomadas por la Reserva Federal de EE.UU. con el apoyo del gobierno de Joe Biden para rescatar a los depositantes de los bancos Silicon Valley Bank (SVB) y Signature Bank, abren un nuevo capítulo en la historia bancaria del país.

El inédito paso que dieron las autoridades estadounidenses la semana pasada fue rescatar a todos los clientes de estos bancos sin importar el monto de sus depósitos, algo que no estaba contemplado en la regulación vigente, que asegura los depósitos hasta US$250.000.

En el caso del SVB, que representó la mayor caída de una entidad bancaria desde la Gran Recesión de 2008, casi el 90% de sus clientes eran empresas tecnológicas que tenían depósitos superiores a los US$$250.000.

Pero ante la posibilidad de una corrida bancaria que tenía el potencial de contagiar al resto del sistema, las autoridades decidieron ampliar la protección a todos los depositantes, así tuvieran en su cuenta un solo dólar o un millón.

Además, los reguladores estadounidenses crearon un nuevo programa de préstamos para que los bancos en problemas puedan usar algunos de sus activos financieros como medio para obtener un préstamo de la Reserva Federal.

A todas estas medidas en EE.UU. le siguió este fin de semana el rescate del banco suizo Credit Suisse, que fue adquirido por su rival USB por US$3.240 millones ante el peligro de que la entidad colapsara.

“Un punto de inflexión”

Por ahora necesitas a la brigada de bomberos”, le dice a BBC Mundo Javier Díaz-Giménez, profesor de Economía en la escuela de negocios IESE Business School, en España, sobre las medidas adoptadas por las autoridades estadounidenses.

Lo que no está muy claro, agrega, es qué pasará mañana cuando otro banco tenga el mismo problema.

“Este episodio lo va a cambiar todo. Esto es un punto de inflexión, un momento crucial para las regulaciones bancarias y la supervisión de los bancos pequeños y de tamaño mediano”.

“Aquí ha habido un fallo de supervisión que me parece grave”, apunta Díaz-Giménez.

Esas dudas sobre qué va a pasar la comparten muchos economistas. Entre ellos Nicolas Véron, investigador principal del Instituto Peterson de Economía Internacional y del centro de estudios Bruegel.

“(Con estas intervenciones) estamos frente a un nuevo sistema y, por ahora, es muy difícil saber qué consecuencias tendrá”.

El riesgo moral

A partir del rescate de todos los clientes de los dos bancos en EE.UU., ha surgido el debate sobre el “riesgo moral” que supone esa medida.

En economía, el riesgo moral ocurre cuando las personas se atreven a tomar decisiones más osadas porque saben que alguien los protegerá.

Clientes del banco SVB

Y en este caso, el riesgo moral entra en escena cuando las autoridades deciden rescatar a todos los depositantes de los dos bancos en problemas.

La señal que recibe el mercado es que no es tan grave que caminen por la cuerda floja.

Un poco como si el médico te dijera que no te preocupes porque siempre estará ahí para sanarte y eso te da más confianza para exponerte al peligro.

El debate es hasta qué punto ese riesgo moral es realmente importante dadas las circunstancias actuales.

Porque visto desde otra perspectiva, también estaba la alternativa de que los reguladores dejaran caer a los bancos sin garantizar los depósitos a sus clientes.

Pero eso podría haber tenido un costo gigantesco si el pánico se hubiese extendido.

“El nuevo sistema podría generar un poco de riesgo moral, pero realmente no se sabe, porque dependerá mucho de la supervisión que se haga de los bancos a futuro”, señala Véron en diálogo con BBC Mundo.

De todos modos, agrega, “que exista cierto riesgo moral no significa que el mundo se vaya a acabar mañana. Tenemos que ver qué pasa”.

Credit Suisse

Para algunos, mantener la estabilidad del sistema bancario sea como sea es lo fundamental en una situación de emergencia como la que se vivió Estados Unidos en los últimos días.

Más aún cuando al SVB y al banco Signature, se sumó un tercer rescate, aunque esta vez el mecanismo fue diferente.

Los grandes bancos estadounidenses rescataron el jueves a otra entidad que estaba en peligro de quiebra, el First Republic Bank, inyectándole US$30.000 millones.

Lo cierto es que las preocupaciones por el sector financiero se han esparcido globalmente, despertando temores sobre una posible crisis bancaria mundial, especialmente después de que este fin de semana el banco Credit Suisse tuviera que ser adquirido tras intensas negociaciones por otra entidad bancaria suiza, el UBS, por US$3.240 millones.

“Un costo para todos los ciudadanos”

Hung Tran, investigador senior del Centro de Geoeconomía del Atlantic Council, en Estados Unidos, argumenta que en el corto plazo, la protección a los grandes depositantes de SVB “fue un rescate necesario y justificado para evitar una posible crisis bancaria, imponiendo enormes costos a toda la sociedad”.

Sin embargo, a largo plazo, “el rescate refuerza el problema del riesgo moral, debilitando la disciplina del mercado y preparando el escenario para futuras crisis”, le dice a BBC Mundo el especialista en mercados monetarios y de capital.

“Esto representa un costo para todos los ciudadanos”, agrega, aunque el rescate no fuera financiado con dinero de los contribuyentes.

El punto es que, al asegurar todos los depósitos para dar una mayor estabilidad al sistema, explica Tran, “todos los bancos y sus clientes tendrán que pagar primas de seguro de depósitos más altas”.

Sobre este punto, dice Díaz-Giménez en diálogo con BBC Mundo, “la estabilidad del sistema bancario no sale gratis”.

A fin de cuentas, sostiene, si la banca está mejor regulada y supervisada, y se le exige que cuente con colchones de capital más exigentes para afrontar las crisis, eso tiene un precio.

Source: bbc

Taylor Swift’s ‘Eras’ tour kick off: top five moments from the star’s transcendent performance

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Countless artists are eager to get back on the road after the pandemic brought a halt to live music back in 2020. Several of them, legendary acts like Drake and Beyoncé, are kicking off tours for the first time in half a decade or more this year. One act, however, hasn’t seen the road since 2018, and the gap between now and then includes four No. 1 albums, two re-recordings of previous releases, and a history-making ten spots on the Billboard Top Ten. That singer-songwriter is Taylor Swift.

In November 2022, Swift announced the Eras Tour. The show was marketed as “a journey through the musical eras of [Swift’s] career”, and there was intense speculation about what that would mean. Last night (March 17), after over four months of pining and desperately waiting, she showed us.

She divided the evening into different eras but not in chronological order. With a massive 44-song setlist that clocked in at three hours and (yes, seriously) 13 minutes, the night held tons of answers to long-held questions and defied fans’ wildest dreams at every turn. If the ticketing fiasco of the Eras Tour kept you on the other side of the State Farm Stadium door, don’t worry: we’ve highlighted the moments from the night that left us wonderstruck.

Taylor Swift

Gayle and Paramore gave the crowd a warm welcome 

While Taylor’s set had enough incredible moments to fill five articles this length, it would be a misstep not to mention opening acts GAYLE and Paramore. The former is best known for her viral single ‘abcdefu’. Taylor Gayle Rutherford was overcome by emotion to be opening for such a monumental tour, and took several opportunities to make her gratitude known.

Paramore’s lead vocalist Hayley Williams echoed similar sentiments. The band took a brief pause from their set as Williams told the story of getting to know Swift when they were both teenage artists in Nashville. She recounted reaching out to Swift after the infamous VMA incident and the friendship that blossomed. When Williams launched into an earnest speech about how special Taylor is as an artist and a musician, she was nearly drowned out by impassioned screams. The crowd knew it all too well.

Taylor Swift

Stage visuals that shifted to depict each era

In comparison to previous Swift tours, the stage took on a dramatically scaled-back design. Instead of giant inflatable snakes or sparking cages that fly over the audience, she opted for sparse, understated props. But don’t be fooled: Swift still managed to prove she’s one of the best in the game at bringing her music to life visually.

Most of the heavy lifting to distinguish each different era aesthetically fell to the rear jumbotron. From a stunning video of melting snow that revealed a dense, earthy forest representing the ‘Evermore’ era, to an ethereal, abstract mosaic of purple lights and flowers that signalled the sole song on the setlist from ‘Speak Now’, ‘Enchanted,’ these brief interludes conjured atmospheres of awe.

Other subtle visual details proved a clever way to convey each track. Dancers dressed in classic Swift outfits during ‘Look What You Made Me Do’.  Small flakes of white confetti mimicking snow fell during the outro of ‘All Too Well (Ten Minute Version)’. There were also illusions of Swift diving into the stage or floating off on a cloud — every choice made it clear that the production choices were deliberate and well thought out during her time away.

Swift getting sentimental on top of a rustic cabin

Each era of the show had its triumphs, but nothing as fantastical as the portion dedicated to her Grammy-winning Album of the Year, ‘Folklore’. Swift introduced the era with a beautifully spoken recitation of the lyrics to the deep-cut ‘Seven’. When she appeared in a flowing lilac gown on the roof of a moss-covered rustic cabin and started singing ‘Invisible String’, fans erupted in surprised glee.

This section featured the era’s biggest hits (like the interconnected love triangle songs, ‘Cardigan’, ‘August’, and ‘Betty’), as well as arresting arrangements of tracks that die-hard Swifties were worried wouldn’t make the cut, like ‘My Tears Ricochet’. One of the most vocally astounding moments of the entire night came during her performance of the ‘Illicit Affairs’ outro, which she elevated to a dramatic rock sound. If fans were curious about how such folk-inspired songs would play in stadiums, the answer is: marvellously.

Taylor Swift

Stripped back sets of ‘Mirrorball’ and ‘Tim McGraw’

One of the best parts of any Swift show is the portion she inevitably plays solo. Swift found a sweet spot for such a moment in the setlist by nestling it right after the high-energy mega-hits of the ‘1989’ era. After picking up an acoustic guitar, Swift announced that her “plan” for this portion of the show throughout the tour was to play different “surprise songs” every night without repeats.

Her selections for opening night included the glittering, dreamy ‘Mirrorball’, and on piano, her 2006 country single ‘Tim McGraw’. The songs both represent significant firsts for Swift,  ‘Mirrorball’ being the first song Swift wrote for ‘Folklore’, and ‘Tim McGraw’ being the very first song the artist ever released. These choices underscore the historical significance of returning to the road to tour an entire catalogue after an unprecedented global crisis. Some of ‘Mirrorball”s final lyrics encapsulate perfectly the challenge of connecting through and beyond a pandemic, as she sang “They called off the circus, burned the disco down / When they sent home the horses and the rodeo clowns / I’m still on that tightrope, I’m still trying everything to keep you laughing at me.”

Taylor Swift

Multiple love letters to her longtime fans

More than anything, Swift’s kick-off show was a reminder of the relationships she’s developed with her loyal fan base over the past fifteen years. From joking about in-fandom memes (she referred to ‘Evermore’ as “an album I absolutely love, despite what some of you say on TikTok”), to praising the elaborate costumes attendees had put together, to making her show a more inclusive space with a comment about “guys, gals, and [her] non-binary pals”, Swift’s devotion to her fans was clear.

Early in the night, Swift addressed the crowd directly for the first time: “I don’t know how to process all of this and the way it’s making me feel,” she admitted. Perhaps it was just the bright lights, but she seemed to be welling up. The genuine emotion of a reunion this highly anticipated was more than reciprocated; many fans shed their own tears of excitement before the show even started.

It’s hard to blame them: the foundation of Swift’s career rests on the lengths she’s taken to achieve such closeness with her listeners. Years of mutual adoration culminated to give the State Farm Stadium show its euphoric pulse and made it clear that with the Eras Tour, Swift is sending a love letter to the people who have been there since the beginning.

China’s President Xi arrives in Moscow for meeting with Putin amid Ukraine war

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“I am very glad, at the invitation of President Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin, to come back to the land of our close neighbor … I am sure my visit will be fruitful,” Xi said, according to Russia’s TASS News Agency, which is run by the state.

Xi’s visit with Kremlin officials amounts to China’s most visible show of support for its neighbor since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine began in February 2022.

“I look forward to working with President Putin to jointly adopt a new vision, a new blueprint and new measures for the growth of China-Russia comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination in the years to come,” the Chinese president wrote in an article published in Rossiyskaya Gazeta, a Russian newspaper, ahead of his visit.

Xi said the friendship between China and Russia is “growing steadily and must be cherished by us all” and that the upcoming visit to Russia was a “journey of friendship, cooperation and peace.”

The leaders have a scheduled meeting at the Kremlin at 4:30 p.m. local time, which will be followed by a dinner. A Kremlin spokesperson said Monday’s meeting was to be “informal,” but that the two leaders would have “direct and very important communication.”

Official talks and a state dinner have been scheduled for Tuesday, Dmitry Peskov, the spokesperson, said.

Xi’s visit comes days after the International Criminal Court issued an arrest warrant for Putin, accusing him of war crimes in Ukraine.

Wang Wenbin, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman, addressed the warrant during a press conference in Beijing on Monday. Wang said China has always “advocated that dialogue and negotiation” are the best ways to end the conflict. ICC officials should “respect the jurisdictional immunity enjoyed by the head of state in accordance with international law,” Wang said.

Wang said the court should attempt to avoid “politicization and double standards.”

Xi, writing in Rossiyskaya Gazeta, also addressed the war in Ukraine, saying China is “convinced that a rational way out of the Ukrainian crisis and a path to lasting peace and universal security in the world will be found if everyone is guided by the concept of common, comprehensive, joint and sustainable security, continue dialogue and consultations in an equal, prudent and pragmatic manner.”

Putin and Xi have had around 40 contacts in the past 10 years, according to a tally from Chinese state media. The two have talked by video conference and telephone in the last year. Monday will mark their first face-to-face meeting since Russia’s invasion began.

As Xi landed at the small airport on the outskirts of Moscow at about 1 p.m. local time, he gave a short speech echoing what he’d written.

He said his country was committed to working with Russia “to firmly safeguard the international system with the United Nations at its core.”

Source: abcnews

Trump allies and rivals rally to his defence after he claims arrest is imminent

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Top Republicans, including some of Donald Trump’s potential rivals for the party’s 2024 presidential nomination, rushed to his defense after the former president said he expected to be arrested next week.

On Saturday, Trump announced he would be arrested on Tuesday in a criminal case involving hush money payments to adult film star Stormy Daniels, but there has been no official confirmation on the likelihood that charges will be brought.

“The idea of indicting a former president of the United States is deeply troubling to me, as it is to tens of millions of Americans,” said former vice-president Mike Pence, who is widely expected to launch a campaign for the Republican nomination in the coming weeks.

The reaction underscores the political risks faced by would-be opponents who are eager to convince voters that it is time to move on from the former president, but who must contend with the fact that he remains the most popular figure in the party.

Trump garnered similar support last summer after the FBI searched his Mar-a-Lago club as part of an investigation into his handling of classified documents. The search also proved a fundraising boon.

Among those coming to Trump’s defense on Saturday was House speaker Kevin McCarthy, who said a possible indictment would be “an outrageous abuse of power by a radical DA [district attorney] who lets violent criminals walk as he pursues political vengeance” against Trump.

McCarthy said he would direct relevant Republican-led House committees “to immediately investigate if federal funds are being used to subvert our democracy by interfering in elections with politically motivated prosecutions”. McCarthy has not endorsed Trump’s White House campaign, but Trump helped McCarthy secure the speakership after a contentious campaign that required multiple rounds of voting.

McCarthy’s predecessor as speaker, Democrat Nancy Pelosi, said in a statement, “the former president’s announcement this morning is reckless: doing so to keep himself in the news and to foment unrest among his supporters.”

“He cannot hide from his violations of the law, disrespect for our elections, and incitements to violence.”

On Saturday, Trump posted a message on his Truth Social platform, referring to himself in the third person, saying: “The far and away leading Republican candidate and former president of the United States of America will be arrested on Tuesday of next week.”

Law enforcement officials in New York have been making security preparations for the possibility that Trump could be indicted, but there has been no public announcement of any timeframe or any indictment.

Donald Trump in Davenport, Iowa, on 13 March.
A spokesperson and a lawyer for Trump said later on Saturday that his post was based on media reports rather than any actual update from, or communication with, prosecutors. Trump’s post cited “illegal leaks from a corrupt and highly political Manhattan district attorney’s office”.

The district attorney’s office declined to comment.

In his post, Trump called on his supporters to “PROTEST, PROTEST, PROTEST!!!”

The post evoked the message from the then-president that preceded the insurrection by extremist supporters at the US Capitol on 6 January 2021 which ultimately failed to thwart the certification of Joe Biden’s victory.

Pence, who has been escalating his criticism of the former president in recent weeks, said: “No one is above the law.” He added: “I’m confident President Trump can care for himself. My focus is going to continue to be on the issues that are affecting the American people.”

Pence had been noncommittal when asked on Thursday if Trump should drop out if he was indicted. “I think it’s a free country. Everybody can make their own decisions,” he said.

Trump has said he would continue his presidential campaign even if indicted.

Representatives for the Florida governor, Ron DeSantis, another potential candidate who is seen as Trump’s most serious rival, did not immediately respond to requests for comment. Former UN ambassador Nikki Haley, another declared candidate, did not address the investigation while campaigning in South Carolina.

It emerged in January that Manhattan district attorney Alvin Bragg had made the surprise move to impanel a grand jury to hear evidence in the Daniels case, which had previously faded from the spotlight.

Daniels met with investigators in Manhattan earlier this week to discuss Trump’s role in a $130,000 payment she received in 2016 aimed at dissuading her from going public during the election about claims she had a sexual liaison with the married Trump in 2006 – an infidelity Trump denies.

In 2016 during the election that Trump went on to win, his then-lawyer, Michael Cohen, made the payment and arranged another payout to a different woman. Cohen has said that the money was paid at Trump’s direction.

Federal prosecutors in 2018 charged Cohen with campaign finance crimes related to payments to Daniels and to a Playboy model, Karen McDougal, arguing that the payouts amounted to impermissible gifts to Trump’s election effort. Cohen pleaded guilty, served prison time, and was disbarred. Federal prosecutors never charged Trump with any crime.

Any charges, in this case, would most likely involve state crimes of falsifying business records, typically a misdemeanor but a felony, if it was part of a cover-up or wider criminal wrongdoing, and here, could revolve around campaign finance illegality.

Kevin O’Brien, a former federal prosecutor and now a partner at Ford O’Brien in New York specializing in white-collar criminal defense told the Guardian that for a felony charge, prosecutors would have to prove Trump showed an “intent to defraud” when his company “falsely accounted” for the payments to Daniels as legal expenses and effectively argue that the payments were synonymous with illegal donations to Trump’s 2016 election campaign, which would violate New York election law.

O’Brien said that any criminal charges for Trump would be messy and confusing for voters and potential jurors.

“How could this guy be running for a president facing a conviction for an act of dishonesty that was indictable?” he said.

Trump has cast the investigation as a “witch-hunt” and says he believes an indictment would help him in the 2024 race.

Senator Lindsey Graham, a longtime Trump ally, agreed: “The prosecutor in New York has done more to help Donald Trump get elected.”

Tom Jones – She’s A Lady

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Well, she’s all you’d ever wantShe’s the kind they’d like to flaunt and take to dinnerWell she always knows her placeShe’s got style, she’s got grace, she’s a winner
She’s a ladyWhoa, whoa, whoa she’s a ladyTalkin’ about that little ladyAnd the lady is mine
Well, she’s never in the wayAlways something nice to say, oh what a blessingI can leave her on her ownKnowing she’s okay alone, and there’s no messing
She’s a ladyWhoa, whoa, whoa she’s a ladyTalkin’ about that little ladyAnd the lady is mine
Oh, she never asks for very much, and I don’t refuse herAlways treat her with respect, I never would abuse herWhat she’s got is hard to find, and I don’t wanna lose herHelp me build a mountain from my little pile of clayHey, hey, hey
Well, she knows what I’m aboutShe can take what I dish out, and that’s not easyWell, she knows me through and throughAnd she knows just what to do, and how to please me
She’s a ladyWhoa, whoa, whoa she’s a lady (na, na, na, na)Talkin’ about that little lady (ooh-ooh-ooh)And the lady is mine
Yeah, yeah, yeah, she’s a lady (la-la-la-la-la)Oh, oh, oh, she’s a lady (la-la-la-la-la)Listen to me people, she’s a lady (la-la-la-la-la)Hey, hey, hey, hey, she’s a ladyWhoa, whoa, whoa, she’s a lady (la-la-la-la-la)Talkin’ about the little lady (she’s a lady la-la-la-la-la)
Whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa she’s a lady (la-la-la-la-la)Yeah, yeah, yeah, she’s a lady (la-la-la-la-la)Oh, oh, oh, she’s a ladyI can’t live without my little ladyOh, oh, oh, she’s a lady

Commodores – Lady (You Bring Me Up)

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LadyYou bring me up when I’m downMaybeYou’re gonna change my life around
You came to me when I was lonelyAnd no one caredYou made me see that I was onlyJust running scared
I saw your face and something told meYou were the oneYou smiled at me and now I seeMy life’s begun
Lady(Pretty lady)You bring me up when I’m down(Up when I’m down)MaybeYou’re gonna change my life around(Gonna change my life around, yeah)
LadyYou brought me in from out the rain (Yeah)MaybeMy life will never be the same
Once I was filled with desperationA solitary manYou gave me hope and inspirationLike only true love canNow I believe in what you’re sayingI’m ten feet tallThis love don’t need no explainingWe’ve got it all
LadyYou bring me up when I’m down(Up when I’m down)Maybe (Maybe)You’re gonna change my life around
La-la-la-la-la-laLa-la-la-la-la-laLa-la-la-la-la-la-la
La-la-la-la-la-laLa-la-la-la-la-laLa-la-la-la-la-la-la-la
WhoaLadyYou bring me up when I’m down(Up when I’m down)Maybe (Yeah)You’re gonna change my life around(Gonna change my life around, yeah)
Lady (Pretty lady)You brought me in from out the rainMaybe (Ooh, ooh)My life will never be the same(It’ll never be the same, yeah)
Lady (Woo)You bring me up when I’m down(Up when I’m down)Maybe (Maybe)You’re gonna change my life around (Yeah, yeah, yeah)
Ooh lady
Ooh ladyYou bring me up when I’m downMaybeYou’re gonna change my life aroundOoh lady
Ooh ladyYou bring me up when I’m down
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Global Recycling Day

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Often when you think you’re at the end of something, you’re at the beginning of something else”

Save the Date: Mayor Turner’s 15th annual Family Day in the Park

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Mayor Sylvester Turner invites everyone to join him for fun, food, and festivities at the 15th annual Family Day in the Park on Saturday, April 8, starting at 2 p.m.

Watch and share Mayor Turner’s video promoting Family Day in the Park
Photos from past Family Day in the Park festivities