A legislative push by Texas’ Republican senators to relocate the Space Shuttle Discovery to Houston has drawn national attention, bipartisan criticism, and a looming legal standoff with the Smithsonian Institution.

The move stems from a provision authored by Sens. John Cornyn and Ted Cruz in the recently signed $1.1 trillion federal spending package, known informally as the “One Big Beautiful Bill.” The measure directs NASA to identify a space shuttle for relocation to Space Center Houston and allocates $85 million for the effort. Although the legislation does not name Discovery specifically, statements from both senators have left little doubt about their intentions.

“Houston is the rightful home of the shuttle,” Cornyn said in a statement. “We built it, we flew it, and we brought its crews home.”

Discovery, currently housed at the Smithsonian’s Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center in Virginia, was retired there in 2011 after logging 39 missions—more than any other shuttle.

The effort seeks to rectify what Cruz and Cornyn describe as a historical slight. Despite Houston’s central role in the shuttle program—including being home to NASA’s Mission Control and Johnson Space Center—the city was bypassed when NASA retired its fleet in 2011, awarding orbiters to museums in Washington, Los Angeles, New York, and Florida.

The proposed transfer has been met with firm resistance from the Smithsonian, which asserts that Discovery is a part of its permanent national collection and not subject to congressional relocation. Smithsonian Secretary Lonnie G. Bunch III warned that any attempt to move the shuttle would be “legally dubious” and could damage the aging spacecraft.

“This is not a transfer,” said Sen. Dick Durbin, D-Ill., during a July Senate debate. “It’s a heist.”

Critics also point to the financial shortfall. While the legislation provides $85 million for relocation and display infrastructure, experts estimate the total cost could reach $300 million or more due to the shuttle’s fragility and the complexity of disassembly and transport.

NASA has been tasked with delivering a report to Congress within 90 days outlining how it plans to comply with the law. The agency has not committed to moving Discovery and has not publicly commented on which shuttle may be selected.

If Discovery were relocated, Space Center Houston officials say they are ready. The center already houses a shuttle replica, Independence, and has previously managed the logistics of transporting large NASA artifacts. Officials have pledged to create a secure and accessible exhibition honoring the shuttle program.

Texas Gov. Greg Abbott and numerous civic organizations have endorsed the relocation push, framing it as long-overdue recognition for Houston’s contributions to American spaceflight.

The timeline for the shuttle’s potential move remains unclear, and legal challenges from the Smithsonian or other stakeholders are likely if NASA proceeds with Discovery as the designated vehicle.

Despite the opposition, Cruz remained defiant in a recent press release: “The shuttle belongs in Space City.”